Posts Tagged ‘effects’

Bedwetting Facts, Causes, Effects And Statistics

The Definition of Bedwetting

Most commonly found in young children, bedwetting (also known as enuresis, nocturnal enuresis, primary enuresis, and diurnal enuresis) is a sleep disorder caused by an undeveloped or stressed nervous system and/or urinary system. It is the result of both the nervous system and urinary system involuntarily releasing urine during the night hours while the victim is in a deep sleep. Since it is a problem that seemingly only occurs during the night and while the victim is asleep, it has been appropriately labeled as a sleep disorder.

Causes of Bedwetting

Research has thus far determined that bedwetting is an inherited problem rather than a suddenly developed issue or sign of bodily trauma. This is why the problem is less common in adolescents. Being inherited, bedwetting is discovered early on within the first five or six years of a young person’s life. Only in rare cases is bedwetting caused by a non-sleep related problem, and in those cases, the culprits are usually diabetes or some sort of urinary tract infection.

Bedwetting Statistics

Almost 20 million Americans suffer from bedwetting. Although the number people who suffer from bedwetting worldwide is unknown, it’s highly probable that the number is much higher – even into the billions while statistically, the problem affects half as many girls as it affects boys. The typical age range that this sleep disorder affects begins from birth and can last until the teen years. However its important to remember that isolated cases of bedwetting in young children is quite normal. It’s only when children continue bedwetting after the age of six (in males) and five (in females) that parents should become concerned and start to question their pediatricians.

Isolated incidents of bedwetting differ from serious bedwetting problems in that the latter occurs anywhere from once a month to every night of the week. They also differ in that isolated incidents are usually the cause of a small bladder that’s still maturing and developing control. Once a small bladder has fully developed, bedwetting problems disappear.

Interestingly, most young people who suffer from bed wetting share this problem with someone else in the family. In fact, the chances of a child wetting the bed are increased by 40 per cent if one of his or her parents suffered the same problem in the past.

The Effects of Bedwetting On A Young Child

A child’s inability to control bodily functions can have a serious impact on how that child perceives himself. Most bedwetting children quickly develop a sense of low self-esteem, embarrassment, and guilt, yet they are not quick to discuss the problem with parents or pediatricians. Care must be taken to assure young, developing children that bedwetting is not their fault, that it is a sleeping disorder, and that there are some tools available to help.

Why Bedwetting Affects Mostly Children

Out of the entire sleeping population, its the youngest that sleep the most soundly. In fact, as people age, they begin to sleep lighter.

Side Effects Of Steroids Roid Rage In Women

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Side effects of steroids can be following: Cardiomyopathy (typically a chronic disorder of the heart muscle, which may include hypertrophy and obstructive damage of the heart), myocardial infarction, heart attack, brain attack and cerebro-vascular damage may also occur.

Anabolic steroids affect the liver. They can lead to cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular hyperplasia (an increase of atypical epithelial cells), and cancer. Kidney disease and / or cancer may develop as side effects of steroids.

Supporting-motor system of a woman suffers too from side effects of steroids. Tendons rupture will occur often as muscle strength is growing so rapidly that the tendons and ligaments are unable to keep up with it. Female reproductive system is on the line of fire. As circulating testosterone is increasing, levels of estrogen and progesterone are decreasing. Side effects of steroids can lead to inhibition of the follicle forming, ovulation and menstrual irregularities, which can lead to amenorrhea (absence or suppression of the menstrual cycle).

The study for side effects of steroids, held in 9 women weightlifters, showed that 2 women experienced menstrual disorders. A pregnant woman using steroids can cause great damage to her child, causing growth retardation. Infertility may also be the result of prolonged use of anabolic steroids. Other negative side effects of steroids include bad breath, water retention, muscle cramps, nosebleeds, insomnia.

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Side effects of steroids can be following: Cardiomyopathy (typically a chronic disorder of the heart muscle, which may include hypertrophy and obstructive damage of the heart), myocardial infarction, heart attack, brain attack and cerebro-vascular damage may also occur. Anabolic steroids affect the liver. They can lead to cholestatic jaundice, hepatocellular hyperplasia (an increase of atypical epithelial cells), and cancer. Kidney disease and / or cancer may develop as side effects of steroids.

The Effects of Pregnancy in Oral Health

Pregnancy can have different effects in the woman’s overall health condition. Most pregnant women can notice some changes in the gums throughout pregnancy, including redness and bleeding of the gums when brushing the teeth. In addition, some women can experience severe bleeding and swelling. These changes are known pregnancy gingivitis that usually starts on the second month of the pregnancy. Pregnancy gingivitis tends to increase around eight month and may decrease after giving birth.

This condition is usual in the front area of the mouth. The symptoms of pregnancy gingivitis are the same with the common gingivitis but may have different causes. Progesterone level in the body during pregnancy can reach up to ten percent higher than the normal level, which can improve certain bacterial growth that results to gingivitis. In addition, during pregnancy, the immune system works differently, which can change the body’s reaction to bacteria.

To be able to reduce pregnancy gingivitis effects, it is best to have a good oral hygiene. Brushing your teeth at least two times a day for two minutes is recommended. Make sure to floss every day as well. Antimicrobial mouthwash is advisable to prevent gum infection. Some doctors suggest that rinses that have no alcohol content are better though there is no proof that alcohol-based mouthwash may have bad effects on pregnancy.

During pregnancy, it is important to visit your dentist to check your oral health especially the condition of your gums. Pregnancy gingivitis can be treated using professional cleaning, which can be performed anytime in your pregnancy especially on the second trimester. However, advanced and aggressive treatments including periodontal surgery are not recommended until after giving birth.

Another effect of pregnancy in oral health is pregnancy granuloma or pyogenic granuloma, also known as pregnancy tumor. Two to ten percent of pregnant women may suffer from this condition, which is a growth in the gums. Though it is also called pregnancy tumor, it is not cancerous and dangerous. Pregnancy granuloma usually develops in the second trimester or pregnancy where red nodules that are commonly found in the upper gum line. However, red nodules can be found anywhere in the mouth as well. These nodules can easily bleed, which can form a crust or ulcer.

Pregnancy granuloma causes are still unknown but poor oral hygiene is usually a main factor. Blood vessel malformations, trauma, viruses and hormones can also be factors of the condition.

Tooth loss is also a common condition for pregnant women due to sever morning sickness or frequent vomiting, which can affect the enamel of the front teeth. It is necessary to contact your dentist if you are experiencing frequent vomiting to know different medications to prevent tooth erosion.

Dry mouth is also an effect of pregnancy. You can prevent dry mouth through drinking water and having hard cadies that are free from sugar or sugarless gum to help in the stimulation of the saliva.

On the other hand, excessive saliva can also be an effect or pregnancy though it is less common, which happens in the early stages of pregnancy. Excessive saliva may be connected to nausea.

Women who are planning to get pregnant should visit a dentist for oral checkup and treatment. Gums and teeth needs special attention during pregnancy, so right nutrition and regular brushing is important.

Contraceptive Pills, Do They Have Long-Term Side Effects?

Dr. Darney discusses if contraceptive pills have long-term side effects. For more information on hormones visit www.empowher.com

What Are Side Effects (Adverse Effects)? What Causes Side Effects?

What Are Side Effects (Adverse Effects)? What Causes Side Effects?
A side effect, also known as an adverse effect, adverse event, or undesirable secondary effect is when a treatment goes beyond the desired effect and causes a problem; the treatment, which may be a medication, surgical procedure or some kind of therapy has an undesirable secondary effect which occurs in addition to the desired therapeutic effect. Experts say that side effects vary for each …

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Low Dose Birth Control Pills Minimize side effects

Today contraceptive pills are designed to contain much lower doses of synthetic hormones in the 1960s when “The Pill” (with 50 micrograms of estrogen) first came on the market. The reason for this is to reduce the side effects of hormonal contraceptives. “That still did not help much,” you can tell, but here is some information about low dose birth control pills that can help you have a productive (no pun intended!) Talk to your doctor if you are not satisfied with your current pill. Trial and error with different types of pill-is worth bearing in mind that oral contraceptives are still not the perfect method of birth control for everyone. If you are in the right birth control pill ‘to suit your body, you should feel exactly the same way as usual, if not a little better.

Some women can not tolerate the combination of estrogen pills do not lower progestin-only pills are prescribed. Estrogen seems to be the main culprit that side effects were to blame for “low-dose birth control pills” have been developed to minimize these. 0.02mg estrogen-containing pills 0.035mg.of are classified as “low dose” pills.

Here are some brand names of “low dose” birth control pills:

LoOvral containing 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.3 mg and nogestrel

Nordette contains 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg levognorgestrel

Ortho-CEPT (Reclipsen, used) contains 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel

Desogen contains 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg desogestrel

Levlen21 containing 0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel 0.15 mg

Seasonale / Seasonique contain 0.03mg of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel 0.15 mg

YASMIN YAZ and two more low dose birth control pills containing 0.03 mg and 0.02 mg respectively of estrogen but have a different type of progestin in the other pills called drospirenone (3.0 mg). Yasmin may not be suitable for you if you also take other over-the-counter pain relief, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements or specific medications so you must check this with a doctor first.

Changing levels of hormones in your body can lead to side effects that vary for each individual. Hormones in maintaining a constant level in your body is the use of oral contraceptives that do not ovulate, uterine lining and diluted thickens your cervical mucus. These three events work together to prevent pregnancy.

Alessa and pills such as Mircette are called ‘ultra low dose’ as the pills contain only 0.02mg of estrogen. These oral contraceptives are effective in preventing pregnancy but some women find they have more spotting and breakthrough bleeding with them than with pills containing 0.035mg or 0.03mg. (the norm today) of estrogen. Breakthrough bleeding and spotting often disappear after a few months in a low dose birth control pill.

0.02mg of estrogen is sufficient for contraception but the side effects of the location and progress of bleeding are more common with this type of ultra low dose birth control pills with low dose pills containing 0.030mg or 0.035mg of estrogen. Women who prefer Alessa ((Aviano, Lessin, Luther, Sronyx) and Mircette say they reduce headaches, mood swings, bloating and breast tenderness. These two brands also may be better for first timer pill users a “low estrogen start ‘to the introduction of synthetic hormones in their bodies.

You’ve probably heard of progestin-only pills or “mini pill”

These oral contraceptives are 90-95% effective in preventing pregnancy compared with 99% efficacy rate of combination pills. However, it does not cause the common side effects of estrogen pills such as nausea, breast tenderness and cramps. The risk of developing deep vein thrombosis and cardiovascular disease is lower with progestin-only pills. Nursing mothers can use progestin-only pills a few weeks after giving birth as progestin does not affect milk supply like estrogen does.

‘Mini pills’ must be taken every day at the same time without interruption. If you miss just one pill or take more than three hours past the regular schedule, it is necessary to use a backup method of birth control during 48 hours after taking the pill later. disadvantage of the “mini pill ‘- apart from irregular and breakthrough bleeding spots, you may increase the risk of ovarian cysts and ectopic pregnancies.

Last update

Low dose birth control pills can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke, especially in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or metabolic disorder. However, this risk disappears when you stop taking the low dose pill (according to a study by the Virginia Commonwealth University published in the July issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism). PCOS is a condition that can affect a woman’s menstrual cycle, fertility, hormones, insulin production, heart, blood vessels and appearance. “Despite the doubling of the risk associated with the pill, the absolute risk of a cardiovascular event in a woman taking the pill is low – women using the pill will not automatically have a heart attack,” said John Nestler, MD, professor and chairman of the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism at the VCU School of Medicine. “However, our results raise the question of whether oral contraceptives are optimal for certain groups of women who are at risk or who are taking the pill for longer, such as women with PCOS.”

Menopause, its Effects and Treatment

Menopause is the permanent shutting down of the female reproductive system, a considerable length of time before the end of the lifespan. Menopause occurs in a variety of animals, including humans. It is usually a natural process. The word consists of two Greek words meno (month) and pausis (a halt).

In adult human females who still have a uterus, and who are not pregnant or lactating, post menopause is identified by a permanent (at least one year’s) absence of monthly periods or menstruation.

In human females, menopause usually happens more or less in midlife, signaling the end of the fertile phase of a woman’s life. Menopause is perhaps most easily understood as the opposite process to menarche, the start of the monthly periods. However, menopause in women cannot satisfactorily be defined simply as the permanent “stopping of the monthly periods”, because in reality what is happening to the uterus is quite secondary to the process; it is what is happening to the ovaries that is the crucial factor.

For medical reasons, the uterus must sometimes be surgically removed (hysterectomy) in a younger woman; her periods will cease permanently, and the woman will technically be infertile, but as long as at least one of her ovaries is still functioning, the woman will not have reached menopause, because even without the uterus, ovulation and the release of the sequence of reproductive hormones will continue to cycle on until menopause is reached. But in circumstances where a woman’s ovaries are removed (oophorectomy), even if the uterus were to be left intact, the woman will immediately be in “surgical menopause”.

The menopause transition, and post-menopause itself, is a natural life change, not a disease state or a disorder. The transition itself can be challenging for a number of women, but for others it is not difficult.

Age of Women for Menopause

The average age of menopause is 45 and 55 years. In some cased the last period occur which is between the ages of 55 to 60 is called as “late menopause”. There may be an early menopause which is in the age of 40 to 45. Rarely the ovaries stop working at a very early age, anywhere from the age of puberty to age 40, and this is known as premature ovarian failure (POF), also commonly referred to as “premature menopause”. Premature menopause is diagnosed or confirmed by measuring the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH); the levels of these hormones will be abnormally high if menopause has occurred.

Social and psychological significance

The stoppage of the female reproductive system in a particular age of life leads to the third part of a woman’s life, which is known as the “third age”. The menopause change is a major life change, similar to menarche in the magnitude of its social and psychological significance.

The causes of menopause

The causes of menopause can be considered from complementary proximate (mechanistic) and ultimate (adaptive evolutionary) perspectives.

Proximate perspective

It is a natural or physiological menopause which occurs as a part of a woman’s normal aging process. This is the result of the eventual atresia of almost all oocytes in the ovaries. This causes an increase in circulating follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels as there are a decreased number of oocytes responding to these hormones and producing estrogen. This decrease in the production of estrogen leads to the perimenopausal symptoms of hot flashes, insomnia and mood changes, as well as post-menopausal osteoporosis and vaginal atrophy.

Menopause can be surgically induced by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of both ovaries and both fallopian tubes). It is conjunction with hysterectomy. Cessation of menses as a result of removal of the ovaries is called “surgical menopause”. The sudden and complete drop in reproductive hormone levels usually produces extreme hormone-withdrawal symptoms such as hot flashes, etc.

As mentioned above, removal of the uterus, hysterectomy, does not itself cause menopause, although pelvic surgery can often precipitate a somewhat earlier menopause, perhaps because of a compromised blood supply to the ovaries. Removing the ovaries however, causes an immediate and powerful “surgical menopause”, even if the uterus is left intact.

Cigarette smoking caused the decreasing the age at menopause by as much as one year, and women who have undergone hysterectomy with ovary conservation go through menopause 3.7 years earlier than average. However, premature menopause (before the age of 40) is generally idiopathic.

Ultimate perspective

Possible effects of per menopause, the menopause transition time as the body responds to the rapidly changing levels of natural hormones, a number of effects can appear. It is however worth pointing out, that not every woman experiences bothersome levels of these effects, and even in those women who do experience strong effects, the range of effects and the degree to which they appear is very variable from person to person.

It may be due to low estrogen levels (for example vaginal atrophy and skin drying) remain present even after the menopause transition years are over Many of the effects that are caused by the extreme fluctuations in hormone levels (for example hot flashes and mood changes) usually disappear or improve significantly once the perimenopause transition time has been completed.

Menopause Effect

Lack of energy as the most frequent and distressing effect Other effects can include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and palpitations Psychological effects such as depression, anxiety, irritability, mood swings, memory problems Lack of concentration Atrophic effects such as vaginal dryness and urgency of urination Sleep disturbances, poor quality sleep, light sleep, insomnia

Treatment

Perimenopause type is a natural stage of life, its not disease or a disorder and it needs no medical treatment. In this case those cases where the physical, mental, and emotional effects of perimenopause are severe, and disrupt the everyday life of the woman, then medical treatment may sometimes be appropriate and helpful.

Hormone therapy is a process to reduce the time or increase the hormones. There are several types of hormone therapies, with various side effects. Hormone replacement therapy or HRT, known in Britain as Hormone Therapy or HT, and the SSRIs appear to provide the most reliable pharmaceutical relief.